tear: implies a pulling apart by force that leaves ragged edges: ~ up lettuce for a salad.    生菜沙拉



rip: implies a pulling apart in one rapid uninterrupted motion often along a seam or joint: ~ped the jacket along the seams.


rend: often rhetoric in tone, implies violent or ruthless severing or sundering: an angry mob ~ed his clothes.   (sever暴力撕开,如手臂四肢如his arm was severed by a chain saw他胳膊被一个链锯割断了, sunder暴力撕开拧断，如a friendship sundered only by death一段只有死亡才能割断的友谊)


split: implies a cutting or breaking apart in a continuous, straight, and usually lengthwise direction or in the direction of grain or layers: ~ logs for firewood.   (grain这里不是谷物或颗粒,而是纹理，如he cut a piece of wood along the grain他沿着纹路劈木头)    这个词和separate一样都是通用词，但还有正式决裂的意思如分裂祖国to split motherland,中苏交恶Sino-Soviet split，而separate更日常化一些.仅仅表示断开连接，不一定决裂。



cleave: implies a forcible cutting or splitting with a blow of an edged weapon or tool: a bolt of  lightning ~ the giant oak.   (blow打击: to hit with hand or a weapon，如she received a severe blow on the head她头上挨了重重一击)    bolt: 一道(闪电)



rive: suggests action rougher or more violent than split or cleave: a friendship ~n by jealousy.


tear撕碎: 用力拉开,留下参差边缘(pulling apart)，rip撕开: 一次性快速连贯动作，常沿着衣缝或连接处(joint关节，连接处)，rend: 修辞语,表示暴力无情地撕裂，split分离: 沿直线割砍或打断,通常沿纵向或层次纹理, cleave劈砍: 用刃器打击使分离，rive分离: 比上两词更粗糙暴力。


记忆方法: 1）首字母TRRSCR排列成RCRRST: 如此让人伤痛==>好像被撕裂


        2）撕裂的意思是用力分开mean to separate forcibly.